Network latency simulation across multiple data centers
This document helps you simulate multiple data centers scenarios.
Characteristics of multiple data centers scenarios
- The latency between different data centers
- The bandwidth limitations between data centers
Note:
Currently, Chaos Mesh cannot simulate the scenario of the bandwidth limitations between data centers. So in this case, only simulate the scenario of the latency between different data centers.
Experiment environment
Suppose our application will be deployed in three data centers in a production environment and these data centers are still under construction. Now we want to test the impact of such a deployment topology on the business in advance.
Here we use TiDB cluster as an example. Suppose we already install the TiDB cluster and Chaos Mesh in our Kubernetes environment. In this TiDB cluster, we have three TiDB pods, three PD pods and seven TiKV pods:
kubectl get pod -n tidb-cluster # "tidb-cluster" is the namespace of TiDB cluster
Output:
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
basic-discovery-7f9f48c465-6pdhn 1/1 Running 0 30m
basic-pd-0 1/1 Running 0 30m
basic-pd-1 1/1 Running 0 30m
basic-pd-2 1/1 Running 0 30m
basic-tidb-0 2/2 Running 0 29m
basic-tidb-1 2/2 Running 0 29m
basic-tidb-2 2/2 Running 0 29m
basic-tikv-0 1/1 Running 0 29m
basic-tikv-1 1/1 Running 0 29m
basic-tikv-2 1/1 Running 0 29m
basic-tikv-3 1/1 Running 0 29m
basic-tikv-4 1/1 Running 0 29m
basic-tikv-5 1/1 Running 0 29m
basic-tikv-6 1/1 Running 0 29m
Grouping
dc-a, dc-b, and dc-c are the three data centers we will use later. So we will split the pods to these data centers:
| dc-a | dc-b | dc-c |
|---|---|---|
| basic-pd-0 | basic-pd-1 | basic-pd-2 |
| basic-tidb-0 | basic-tidb-1 | basic-tidb-2 |
| basic-tikv-0/1 | basic-tikv-2/3 | basic-tikv-4/5/6 |
Latency between three data centers
| latency | |
|---|---|
| dc-a <--> dc-b | 1ms |
| db-a <--> dc-c | 2ms |
| dc-b <--> dc-c | 2ms |
Inject network latency
Design injection rules
Chaos Mesh provides NetworkChaos to inject network latency,
so we can use it to simulate the latency between three data centers.
At present, NetworkChaos has a limitation that each target pod only has one configuration of netem in effect.
So we can use the following rules:
| source pods | latency | target pods |
|---|---|---|
| dc-a | 1ms | dc-b |
| dc-a | 1ms | dc-c |
| dc-b | 1ms | dc-c |
| dc-c | 1ms | dc-a |
| dc-c | 1ms | dc-b |
According to above rules, the latency between dc-a and dc-b is 1ms, the latency between dc-a and dc-c is 2ms
and the latency between dc-b and dc-c is 2ms.
Define the chaos experiment
According to the injection rules, we define the chaos experiment as following:
apiVersion: chaos-mesh.org/v1alpha1
kind: NetworkChaos
metadata:
name: network-delay-a
namespace: tidb-cluster
spec:
action: delay # chaos action
mode: all
selector: # define the pods belong to dc-a
pods:
tidb-cluster: # namespace of the target pods
- basic-tidb-0
- basic-pd-0
- basic-tikv-0
- basic-tikv-1
delay:
latency: '1ms'
direction: to
target:
selector: # define the pods belong to dc-b and dc-c
pods:
tidb-cluster: # namespace of the target pods
- basic-tidb-1
- basic-tidb-2
- basic-pd-1
- basic-pd-2
- basic-tikv-2
- basic-tikv-3
- basic-tikv-4
- basic-tikv-5
- basic-tikv-6
mode: all
---
apiVersion: chaos-mesh.org/v1alpha1
kind: NetworkChaos
metadata:
name: network-delay-b
namespace: tidb-cluster
spec:
action: delay
mode: all
selector: # define the pods belong to dc-b
pods:
tidb-cluster: # namespace of the target pods
- basic-tidb-1
- basic-pd-1
- basic-tikv-2
- basic-tikv-3
delay:
latency: '1ms'
direction: to
target:
selector: # define the pods belong to dc-c
pods:
tidb-cluster: # namespace of the target pods
- basic-tidb-2
- basic-pd-2
- basic-tikv-4
- basic-tikv-5
- basic-tikv-6
mode: all
---
apiVersion: chaos-mesh.org/v1alpha1
kind: NetworkChaos
metadata:
name: network-delay-c
namespace: tidb-cluster
spec:
action: delay
mode: all
selector: # define the pods belong to dc-c
pods:
tidb-cluster: # namespace of the target pods
- basic-tidb-2
- basic-pd-2
- basic-tikv-4
- basic-tikv-5
- basic-tikv-6
delay:
latency: '1ms'
direction: to
target:
selector: # define the pods belong to dc-a and dc-b
pods:
tidb-cluster: # namespace of the target pods
- basic-tidb-0
- basic-tidb-1
- basic-pd-0
- basic-pd-1
- basic-tikv-0
- basic-tikv-1
- basic-tikv-2
- basic-tikv-3
mode: all
Apply the chaos experiment
Define the above chaos experiment as delay.yaml and apply this file:
kubectl apply -f delay.yaml
Check the result
Use ping command to check the latency between three centers.
Check the latency between the pods belong to dc-a
kubectl exec -it -n tidb-cluster basic-tidb-0 -c tidb -- ping -c 2 basic-tikv-0.basic-tikv-peer.tidb-cluster.svc
output:
PING basic-tikv-0.basic-tikv-peer.tidb-cluster.svc (10.244.1.229): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 10.244.1.229: seq=0 ttl=63 time=0.095 ms
64 bytes from 10.244.1.229: seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.100 ms
From the output, we can see that the latency between the pods belong to dc-a is around 0.1ms.
Check the latency between dc-a and dc-c
kubectl exec -it -n tidb-cluster basic-tidb-0 -c tidb -- ping -c 2 basic-tidb-1.basic-tidb-peer.tidb-cluster.svc
output:
PING basic-tidb-1.basic-tidb-peer.tidb-cluster.svc (10.244.3.3): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 10.244.3.3: seq=0 ttl=62 time=1.193 ms
64 bytes from 10.244.3.3: seq=1 ttl=62 time=1.201 ms
From the output, we can see that the latency between dc-a and dc-c is around 1ms.
Check the latency between dc-b and dc-c
kubectl exec -it -n tidb-cluster basic-tidb-0 -c tidb -- ping -c 2 basic-tidb-2.basic-tidb-peer.tidb-cluster.svc
output:
PING basic-tidb-2.basic-tidb-peer.tidb-cluster.svc (10.244.2.27): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 10.244.2.27: seq=0 ttl=62 time=2.200 ms
64 bytes from 10.244.2.27: seq=1 ttl=62 time=2.251 ms
From the output, we can see that the latency between dc-a and dc-c is around 2ms.
Delete the network latency
kubectl delete -f delay.yaml